PAPER
HUMANS AND CULTURE
Created to fulfill the tasks subjects English
LECTURER
N.E.MARTINI S.Pd.I.M.M.Pd
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COMPLITED
BY
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RANI NURAENI
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SEMESTER
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II
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NIM
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15.A1.20220
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SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM
YAMISA
BANDUNG
2016
Praise to Allah Almighty who has given me the opportunity to finish
this paper. I created this paper is based on my own abilities and thanks for
all the support I have received so that I can finish the paper on time.
Paper entitled “humans and culture” will discuss about “what is
culture and what to do with the humans?”.
The main purpose of this paper is made to fulfill the tasks
subjects in English which was relieved by Mrs. Martini S.Pd.I.M.M.Pd, besides
the paper also made so that the reader can know more about what is meant by
culture as well as what to do with humans.
I hope this paper can be useful to anyone who reads it, and I
apologize if this paper still has a lot of shortcomings.
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CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Humans and culture is one bond that cannot be separated in this
life. Human beings as creatures of God's most perfect creating their own
culture and preserve it is hereditary. Culture is created from daily activities
and also of the events - events that have been organized by the Almighty.
Every human being on this earth has a culture respectively, because
of a culture that has a unique or distinctive trademark. Culture is closely
connected to the community. Everything is contained in a society is determined
by the culture which is owned by the community itself. The term for that
opinion is Cultural-determinism.
In simple terms, the relationship between man and culture while
human behavior as a culture, and this culture is an object that implemented
daily by humans.
B.
Purpose
1.
to
know the understanding of human
2.
to
know the definition of culture
3.
Knowing
relationship between humans and culture
C.
Problem Formulation
1.
What
is human?
2.
What
is culture?
3.
What
is relationship between human and culture?
CHAPTER II
ABOUT HUMANS AND CULTURE
A.
Human Understanding
Human language is derived from the
word "manu" (Sanskrit), "mens" (Latin), which means think
is wise or prudent creature (capable of mastering another creature). In human
terms can be interpreted a concept or a fact, an idea or a reality, a group
(genus) or an individual.
In relation to the environment, the
human is a living organism (living organism). Personal formation is influenced
by the environment even in the extreme can be said is said, every person comes
from the environment, both environmental and welfare.
B.
Culture
1. Definition of Culture
The word culture has many different
meanings. For some it refers to an
appreciation of good literature, music, art, and food. For a biologist, it is likely to be a colony
of bacteria or other microorganisms growing in a nutrient medium in a
laboratory Petri dish. However, for
anthropologists and other behavioral scientists, culture is the full range of
learned human behavior patterns.
The term was first used in this way
by the pioneer English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in his book, Primitive
Culture, published in 1871. Tylor said
that culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art,
law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society." Of course, it
is not limited to men. Women possess and
create it as well. Since Tylor's time,
the concept of culture has become the central focus of anthropology.
Culture is a powerful human tool for
survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon.
It is constantly changing and easily lost because it exists only in our
minds. Our written languages,
governments, buildings, and other man-made things are merely the products of
culture. They are not culture in
themselves. For this reason,
archaeologists cannot dig up culture directly in their excavations. The broken pots and other artifacts of
ancient people that they uncover are only material remains that reflect
cultural patterns--they are things that were made and used through cultural
knowledge and skills.
2.
Layers of Culture
There are very likely three layers
or levels of culture that are part of your learned behavior patterns and
perceptions. Most obviously is the body
of cultural traditions that distinguish your specific society. When people speak of Italian, Samoan, or
Japanese culture, they are referring to the shared language, traditions, and
beliefs that set each of these peoples apart from others. In most cases, those who share your culture
do so because they acquired it as they were raised by parents and other family
members who have it.
The
second layer of culture that may be part of your identity is a subculture. In complex, diverse societies in which people
have come from many different parts of the world, they often retain much of
their original cultural traditions. As a
result, they are likely to be part of an identifiable subculture in their new
society. The shared cultural traits of
subcultures set them apart from the rest of their society.
Examples of easily identifiable subcultures in
the United States include ethnic groups such as Vietnamese Americans, African
Americans, and Mexican Americans.
Members of each of these subcultures share a common identity, food
tradition, dialect or language, and other cultural traits that come from their
common ancestral background and experience.
As the cultural differences between members of
a subculture and the dominant national culture blur and eventually disappear,
the subculture ceases to exist except as a group of people who claim a common
ancestry. That is generally the case
with German Americans and Irish Americans in the United States today. Most of them identify themselves as Americans
first. They also see themselves as being
part of the cultural mainstream of the nation.
The third layer of culture consists
of cultural universals. These are
learned behavior patterns that are shared by all of humanity collectively. No matter where people live in the world,
they share these universal traits.
Examples of such "human cultural" traits include:
1.
communicating
with a verbal language consisting of a limited set of sounds and grammatical
rules for constructing sentences
2.
using
age and gender to classify people (e.g., teenager, senior citizen, woman, man)
3.
classifying
people based on marriage and descent relationships and having kinship terms to
refer to them (e.g., wife, mother, uncle, cousin)
4.
raising
children in some sort of family setting
5.
distinguishing
between good and bad behavior
6.
having
some sort of leadership roles for the implementation of community decisions
C.
Relationship Between Humans And Culture
Culture
is created from the result of the interaction between human beings with all the
content that is in this universe. Human beings are made by God by the Arm
intellect and mind to be able to work in this earth and in essence become
caliph on earth. In addition it also has the human intellect, mind,
intelligence, intuition, feeling, emotion, volition, and behavior. Premises of
all abilities possessed by humans then can create culture. There is a
dialectical relationship between people and cultures. Culture is a human
product, but the man himself is a product of culture, in other words, culture
exists because humans are created and people can live amid culture
creation. Culture will continue to live as a man when there are
supporters.
Culture has a huge cultural value to humans. Man's work raises major technologies that have utility in the natural environment to protect humans against. So culture role as:
1. A guideline between human or group
2. Containers to channel feelings and other capabilities.
3. As a mentor of life and livelihood.
4. Clues about how humans should act and behave in socially
5. Regulator so that people can understand should act, act and
determines his attitude when dealing with others.
6.
As
an authorized builder.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A.
Conclusion
Human relationship integral to the
culture will not, culture is very closely related to human life because of the
work culture is created through a process of human intellect, the mind, the
will, and behavior. With the diversity of different ethnic groups.
B.
Suggestion
With the process of cultural by humans, in the hope that we still
retain cultural values contained therein. In order to maintain cultural
identity and belonging to the nation.
REFERENCES
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Cianjur, April 20, 2016
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